Freight density expresses how much weight is packed into each cubic foot of occupied space. It is one of the central inputs used in modern LTL classification.
LTL density = handling-unit weight ÷ handling-unit cubic feetWhy density matters in LTL
LTL carriers share trailer capacity across many shippers. Dense freight uses less floor and cube for each pound carried, while low-density freight consumes more space. Density therefore helps describe how efficiently an item uses trailer capacity.
Measure the complete handling unit
For palletized freight, use the outer palletized dimensions and gross pallet weight. If freight overhangs a pallet or has a tall irregular top, use the greatest occupied dimensions. The calculator multiplies one handling unit by quantity only after finding the density of that unit.
Density is not a rate quote
The same density can produce different transportation prices depending on lanes, accessorials, carrier capacity and contractual discounts. The class estimate is a planning aid, not a binding NMFC classification.
Frequently asked questions
How do I calculate LTL density?
Convert the shipment volume to cubic feet, then divide the gross weight in pounds by cubic feet.
What is a high freight density?
Under the current NMFTA standard scale, 50 lb/ft³ or greater falls in the class-50 density band.
Should I include pallet weight?
Yes. Use the gross weight and outside dimensions of the handling unit as it is tendered to the carrier.
Is density the same as freight class?
No. Density can map to a density-based class estimate, but the actual NMFC item can account for other transportation characteristics.
Sources & verification
Verify carrier-sensitive rules against the source governing your shipment.
Formula reviewed September 29, 2026 Representative values and boundary cases are tested automatically.